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Intellectual Disability: A Comprehensive Overview
Definition
Intellectual disability, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision), is a condition characterized by delayed or incomplete development of intellectual abilities, resulting in significant difficulties in cognitive, social, and adaptive functioning.
Classification
The WHO classifies intellectual disability into various levels, each with its own unique characteristics:
- Mild Intellectual Disability (F70): IQ range of 50-69; individuals may have difficulty with reading, writing, and math, but can often live independently with support.
- Moderate Intellectual Disability (F71): IQ range of 35-49; individuals require significant support in daily living, such as personal care and decision-making.
- Severe Intellectual Disability (F72): IQ range of 20-34; individuals have significant impairments in all areas of cognitive functioning and require constant supervision and care.
- Profound Intellectual Disability (F73): IQ range below 20; individuals have severe limitations in all areas of cognitive functioning and may require 24/7 care.
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